By Lambert Strether of Corrente
Intermittently over the last few years, I have seen the occasional tweet asserting, knowingly, that this or that entertainer was unable to cancel a performance because of Covid, because insurance — the business we know and love so much in health care — wouldn’t insure the loss. But there would never be a link! This week, fortuitously, information on Adele and Covid + information on “event cancellation” insurance came across my feed in close proximity, so I felt I finally had enough material for a writeup, and I went looking for material on Taylor Swift for a compare-and-contrast to Adele.
I’m going to have to issue even more caveats than usual. First, I know nothing of the mononymous Adele or Taylor Swift; I don’t listen to their music. Here are Adele’s statistics from Billboard:
And here are Swift’s:
As you can see, considered as show business “properties,” neither artist is a negligible figure, although Swift is the brighter star. (The chart pages also include potted bios.)
A second caveat: I know as much about insurance as I know about, say, surety bonds; that is to say, virtually nothing. So I hope readers will correct any errors I make, and add insights to the information I am able to present.
First I will look at how Adele is handling Covid, and then compare her to Swift. Then I will briefly describe the insurance situation during the pandemic. Now, while I am sure that insurance requirements bulk large in the minds of both artists’ business managers, their reasoning remains opaque to all of us. So that’s my third caveat: This post must be a bit dissociated, in that we cannot reason from insurance policies (or lack thereof) to the artist’s behavior (or the other way round). All we can do is speculate, and there are doubtless readers whose speculation is more informed than my own.
Now let’s turn to Adele and Swift. Contemporary popular music is really not my world, so my approach was to do cursory searches for each year of the pandemic, and aggregate the best Covid nuggets (along with information about the music business, and possible reveals of the artists, insofar as the efforts of publicists permit). And I might make a comment or two along the way. First, Adele.
Adele
2020
“Adele praises coronavirus heroes on her birthday: ‘Truly our angels’” Los Angeles Times:
“I hope you’re all staying safe and sane during this crazy time,” the singer posted Tuesday, along with a photo of herself smiling from home in a little black dress and heels.
“I’d like to thank all of our first responders and essential workers who are keeping us safe while risking their lives! You are truly our angels.”
That “us safe” and “their lives” is a little too on-the-nose. Remember “essential workers”? Good times.
‘Corona ain’t over, I’m quarantining’: Adele tells fan to be patient for new album (WION)
“Corona ain’t over. I’m quarantining. Wear a mask and be patient.” Although Adele didn`t offer up a timetable for her fans, they may only have a couple more months left to wait.
2021
Adele: Full COVID-19 vaccination and negative test required to attend singer’s Las Vegas shows (Sky News)
“Both proof of vaccination AND proof of a negative test within 48-hours of the event is required to enter the event,” according to the website.
It must have been at least 14 days since their second vaccine dose, and the negative test result must have been received within 48 hours of the event.
Back when everybody somehow had gotten the idea that the Covid vaccines were sterilizing and would prevent transmission. (These Vegas shows were cancelled in 2022.)
2022
Adele ‘will use £400,000 of special technology to protect her voice during her Las Vegas residency at Caesars Palace’ (Daily Mail)
‘The system works by combining dehumidifiers, purification units, water molecule dispersal and cooling fans in the preparation room and then guiding that air around the stage when she performs.
I’m betting not only her voice, but her lungs, from airborne pathogens.
Adele Announces Rescheduled Dates For Long-Delayed Las Vegas Residency (StereoGum)
Back in November, pop superstar Adele announced plans to play a four-month residency in Las Vegas. The idea was for Adele to spend the first four months of 2022 singing her hits at the Coliseum at Caesar’s Palace. But in January, shortly before those shows were set to start, Adele made a tearful video announcement that COVID-related production delays
2023
‘You should see the f***ing state of me!’: Adele warns fans her new concert special has her looking ‘insane’ with a ‘melted’ face due to the unbearable Las Vegas heat (Daily Mail)
My fans weren’t working on my stage. You can’t see them, but they’re built into my stage’
“Fans” in the sense of the ventilation system described above. Visible purifiers, big units, would have been an encouraging touch.
Adele no longer taking selfies during Las Vegas shows (Music News)
Throughout her [Vegas] residency, Adele has been filmed and photographed mingling with fans in the audience and posing for selfies, however, she has now put a stop to this.
“Normally I would absolutely stop and chat and all of that and hear all about your life and be the nosey person that I am,” the singer said during her most recent show. “However, I’m hanging on by a thread trying not to get COVID.”
Adele noted that her backing singer Amanda was recently forced to miss performances after testing positive for the virus.
“Everyone that I know that I work with has f**king COVID, so it’s a miracle that I haven’t had it yet,” she stated. “And I really do love chatting to you, but I don’t want to get sick, I’ll take selfies from a distance or shoot your vid.”
The Skyfall singer continued, “I might have symptoms and then I can’t do my show and I will be damned if I cancel any more of these shows. I refuse to cancel any shows. I just can’t risk getting ill. Honestly, my immune system is in the gutter and I want to be close to you and stuff like that, but I just can’t risk it.”
2024
Adele shows off the spoils of her £83M Las Vegas residency by sporting £875 jeans and a Dior bag as she enjoys a dinner date with husband Rich Paul in Beverly Hills (Daily Mail)
At least she’s masking in public. And now to Swift, whose timeline is similar in some ways to Adele’s, in some ways not.
Taylor Swift
2020
Taylor Swift broke all her rules with Folklore—and gave herself a much-needed escape (Entertainment Weekly)
[H]ow difficult has it been to see folks on Lower Broadway crowding the bars without masks?
I mean, you just immediately think of the health workers who are putting their lives on the line—and oftentimes losing their lives. If they make it out of this, if they see the other side of it, there’s going to be a lot of trauma that comes with that; there’s going to be things that they witnessed that they will never be able to un-see. And that was the connection that I drew. I did a lot of research on my grandfather [here] in the beginning of quarantine, and it hit me very quickly that we’ve got a version of that trauma happening right now in our hospitals. God, you hope people would respect it and would understand that going out for a night isn’t worth the ripple effect that it causes. But obviously we’re seeing that a lot of people don’t seem to have their eyes open to that—or if they do, a lot of people don’t care, which is upsetting.
Very acute; Adele said more or less the same thing. Not, perhaps, as “upsetting” now as then?
Taylor Swift Urges Fans to ‘Isolate’ Amid Coronavirus Outbreak: ‘We Need to Make Social Sacrifices’ (People)
I love you guys so much and need to express my concern that things aren’t being taken seriously enough right now. I’m seeing lots of get togethers and hangs and parties still happening,” wrote Swift. “This is the time to cancel plans, actually truly isolate as much as you can, and don’t assume that because you don’t feel sick that you aren’t possibly passing something on to someone elderly or vulnerable to this. It’s a really scary time but we need to make social sacrifices right now.”
Also acute (though “right now,” and since when is solidarity a sacrifice?).
Taylor Swift Gave Thousands of Dollars to Fans Affected by the Coronavirus Pandemic (Vogue)
The 30-year-old pop star has been sending fans individual payments online to help with financial burdens accrued due to COVID-19, with Billboard confirming that at least 10 such payments were made by Swift.
2021
The surprising allure of Taylor Swift in a pandemic world (Yahoo Finance!)
The artist released two new albums in 2020 and on Friday is re-releasing her 2008 album Fearless following a vicious dispute with her former label.
The decision to re-release the album could make her one of the most successful artists in the history of Billboard’s Hot 100.
However, according to AMP Capital chief economist Shane Oliver, the re-release is also an exercise in COVID-19 nostalgia and escapism.
The prominent economist and known Swifty said the two new albums Swift put out last year were made possible by COVID-19 isolation and an inability to tour. While he described those as a pleasant surprise, the broader popularity of her catalogue during COVID-19 had a simple explanation: people needed a break.
“It’s known that when you have economic downturns and people are feeling depressed, you do see an increase in escapism, people reading fantasy novels, gambling can sometimes see a boost and music may figure in that,” he told Yahoo Finance.
“People want to listen to it again.”
In fact, according to its analysis of Alexa streams, Taylor Swift and Adele music was more popular than even Donald Trump or COVID-19 news.
Taylor Swift Officially Cancels Tour Postponed Last Year Due To The COVID-19 Pandemic (CBS)
Taylor Swift announced Friday that her Lover Fest tour, which was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, has officially been canceled.
The singer took to Twitter to share the cancelation saying, “I love coming on here to tell you good news, or to share a new project with you. It’s not my favorites thing in the world to have to tell you news I’m sad about. I’m so sorry but I cannot reschedule the shows that we postponed.”
She continued,” Although refunds have been available since we first postponed the Lover Fest shows, many of you hung onto your tickets and I too hung onto the idea that we could reschedule.”
“This is an unprecedented pandemic that has changed everyone’s plans and no one knows what the touring landscape is going to look like in the near future.”
“I’m so disappointed that I won’t be able to see you in person as soon as I wanted to. I miss you terribly and can’t wait til we can all safely be at shows together again.”
No refunds for those who hung on, then? And not all that unprecedented….
2022
The Return to Craft: Taylor Swift, Nostalgia, and Covid-19 (Popular Music and Society)
Why this turn to folklore and indie-folk esthetics in Swift’s work? I suggest that this single and, indeed, the album folklore provide a peak example of a societal search for foundations during the pandemic. What I term “the return to craft” can be read as a distillation of the nostalgic, folkloric mode of contemporary Western society, one that has arisen in response to the cultural issues raised in part by the Covid-19 pandemic, but also by neoliberalism, homogenization, austerity, and the anxiety brought on by climate change. As Swift found a life raft in songcraft (literally, in the music video), so too did craft and the handmade deliver a figurative life raft, a comfort and a solace, to many during lockdown. This construction of imagined authenticities, the focus on essentials, on first principles, reflects something deeper than superficial YouTube self-help or commodification; it has also become a genuine source of relief in such difficult circumstances and its artistic outputs provide culturally contingent insights.
Hmm. Readers?
YES TAYLOR SWIFT IS VAXXED AND THAT’S A GOOD THING (Conor Maynard)
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, many celebrities have spoken out about the importance of vaccination. Among them is Taylor Swift, who recently announced that she has been vaccinated.
Welcome to ‘Swiftonomics’: What Taylor Swift reveals about the US economy (Sydney Morning Herald)
Taylor Swift’s upcoming US tour of 52 concerts has all the ingredients of a post-COVID demand shock. Some resellers reportedly asked $US40,000 ($60,000) or more for concert tickets following last week’s run on official sales, which left millions empty-handed and ready to pay whatever it takes to score a seat.
Swifties, as the popstar’s fans are known, aren’t necessarily your average American, but they capture the current moment in the post-COVID economy. Even as recession looms, many consumers are willing to splurge on what they missed at the height of the pandemic — whether it’s travel or live entertainment.
Swift’s fans represent an extreme version of that turbocharged consumer: millions of mostly Millennials and Gen Zs who waited at least four years to see the superstar live again and emerged from the pandemic with historically high rates of savings.
“Concerts are seen as an affordable luxury in times of crisis,” said Lisa Yang, a Goldman Sachs analyst who publishes the bank’s annual “Music in the Air” report on the global industry.
“Post-Covid”? In 2022? Really?
How it feels to be a Taylor Swift fan right now (Today)
Having been unable to tour her albums “Lover” (2019), “Folklore” (2020) and “Evermore” (2020) because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Swift’s forthcoming tour is her first in five years.
Swifties knew demand would be high.
Though it was his first time purchasing tickets for a Swift concert, Goodman headed to Ticketmaster ready for battle … aka armed with a color-coordinated priority map.
“Red is first priority in, green a second priority, and then blue is third priority,” he says. “I was prepared, but I was running it through with my friends, making sure we were on the same page about what we wanted with the budgets and seats.”
(This is the TicketMaster debacle). The whole red/green/blue paradigm reminds me of the “Swiss Cheese Model,” although with a different objective in mind….
2023
A Swiftie Redditor on risk at concerts:
Keep reduced/isolated/COVID safe activities before and after the concert. Given the size of the stadium and the fact that a concert involves a lot of singing/screaming, this is a high risk event for getting & spreading COVID. Before your trip, research and stick to outdoor venues for food and drinks (beer gardens, patios, etc.) and mask up when you are indoors in public places/museums/hotels/Ubers/Lyfts after the concert so you can avoid spreading anything afterwards too. Mask up on any planes/trains/buses you take to get back home. If you have vulnerable loved ones, let them know about your trip/concert and continue to mask around them or avoid in-person contact with them for 1-2 weeks.
Could Taylor Swift mania fuel a COVID cruel summer? What you need to know (Los Angeles Times)
“People have to be aware that it’s a potential venue [for infection], and riskier than most venues, given all the shouting, the singing, the fact that it’s three hours — even though it’s outdoors,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, a UC San Francisco infectious-disease expert. “You’re just bringing people together from lots of different places … people are traveling all over the country to the city where they can get tickets. So it’s like a mega airport, or a mega transportation site, if you think about it.”
Lots of Swifties Are Saying They Got COVID After the LA Eras Tour Shows (Self)
And while most of the social media coverage has featured Swifties dancing and belting out bops like “Cruel Summer” and “Lavender Haze,” some attendees of last week’s SoFi Stadium shows in Los Angeles have been posting about a less joyful effect of their concert euphoria: a positive COVID-19 test….. The city (along with other parts of California as well as other areas of the country) has been experiencing an uptick in COVID as of last Thursday—to be more specific, an average of 333 new cases per day, according to the most recent data from the LA County Department of Public Health. “It’s impossible to say for certain if and how much the Taylor Swift concerts, or any other single large event, contributed to these increasing counts,” the department confirmed to SELF in an email. “We know large gatherings where thousands of people are in close proximity are higher risk events, however, it is very likely that increased rates of summer travel and other gatherings are also contributing to the increase.”
Swift wearing a (stylish, black) KN95 behind the scenes while making a music video:
2024
Taylor Swift Says She Was a ‘Lonely Millennial Woman’ During COVID Quarantine Despite Joe Alwyn Romance (Hollywood Reporter)
Despite the speculation about her former relationship, Taylor has never publicly spoken out about it, but she did admit she’s a lot more trusting in life now than she was back then, in an interview with TIME last year. “Life is short. Have adventures. Me locking myself away in my house for a lot of years — I’ll never get that time back,” she told the outlet after being named their “Person of the Year.” “I’m more trusting now than I was six years ago.”
Echoing GBD whinging about lockdowns. She wrote two albums, ffs. Does she really want that time back?
More superspreading events:
I paid close attention to the Swift-COVID connection. I had tickets & didn’t go bc infections ⬆️ in July. Each show fueled more infections & TikToks of sickened concertgoers. After the Aug 9 LA concerts, Tiktok was slammed with hundreds of “I’m in my COVID era” videos.
— mary orantejo 🦆 (@curiousdatacat) February 25, 2024
“Hundreds.” Looks like the best testing info we have, besides wastewater, is Tiktok videos, Twitter, and Reddit. What a farce.
Why Taylor Swift won’t meet with Aussie fans while Down Under (Yahoo Lifestyle)
Yet millions of fans across the country sadly won’t get the opportunity to see the superstar on stage following unprecedented ticket demand – meaning many are dreaming of catching a glimpse of Taylor taking in the sights whilst visiting Sydney and Melbourne instead.
However, a music industry source told Yahoo Lifestyle that Taylor has no plans to be seen anywhere but the stage whilst in Australia, nor does she intend on meeting any fans, due to one strict reason.
“When Taylor is on tour, strict measures are put into place to stop her interacting with anyone outside of her ‘bubble’. They can not risk her getting sick under any circumstances.
So Covid’s not “over,” then? More:
Even those in her bubble, including her dancers and managers, are restricted what they can do and where they can go during their downtime. Going on a world tour may sound exciting, but the reality of it is each day just consists of going from a hotel room to the venue and repeat,” the source says.
At Taylor’s first show at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on Friday, her publicist Tree Paine was even walking through the venue wearing a mask to reduce her chance of catching any illnesses as she is in direct contact with Taylor each day.
“Even!” Wouldn’t it be nice to live in a world where a fan’s life was as important as the star’s?
We might also remember that the concert venue is not the only place where crowds gather and superspreading takes place. The scene after Swift’s Sydney concert:
An excellent time-lapse of the crowds from two concerts at Olympic Park being taken home by train.
North Americans obsessed with stadium parking please take note pic.twitter.com/GsPPQJFftc
— Evan (@fictillius) February 24, 2024
And some data:
Last night’s Taylor Swift concert. The trains before and afterwards were probably the main super spreading events, as much as close outdoor contact.@CO2RadicalAus pic.twitter.com/YjRXZ5vXKH
— Dr David Berger, aBsuRdiSTe cROnickLeR (@YouAreLobbyLud) February 25, 2024
Surely it would have been possible to make that situation safer? Readers?
The Pandemic and Entertainment Insurance
So as we can see, Covid had huge effects on both Adele and Swift; the social stresses of the pandemic created demand for their styles of music, but the pandemic also made touring difficult-to-impossible. Both artists ultimately took measures to protect themselves from infection by eliminating contact with fans (and, in Swift’s case at least, masking and “bubbling” during the tour). Both artists also had to cancel tours.
The cost of cancellations can be great. From Billboard, “Tour Cancellations Go Viral — Why the Risk May Be Too Great for Some Acts“:
The immediate cost of Edgar Winter‘s sore throat and minor congestion [uh huh] — followed by bandmate Steve Lukather‘s own symptoms — was roughly $11 million. When the “Free Ride” rocker and the Toto guitarist both tested positive for COVID-19 in June, Ringo Starr had to postpone 12 of his All-Starr Band’s shows; earlier dates had grossed more than $900,000 apiece, according to Billboard Boxscore.
The All-Starr Band moved the dozen canceled shows to this fall — they resumed touring earlier this month — but the stars’ positive tests demonstrate an ongoing problem for touring acts as they return to the road. Postponements are complicated; cancellations are devastating. This past summer, the Rolling Stones, Eric Clapton, the Doobie Brothers, Chris Stapleton, Alan Jackson, Blondie, Haim, Jenny Lewis, Bikini Kill and the Strokes were among the top stars who scrambled to reschedule dates when band members (including Mick Jagger) or crew came up positive.
“Obviously, people’s health is the most important, but the big thing is the financial implications. You’re making plans for ‘what if we have to cancel the tour one week in or two weeks in?’” says Ed Harris, manager of indie-rock band Cigarettes After Sex, which returned to international touring in late May and has, thus far, avoided positive tests. “Does it make sense to cancel halfway through, or three-quarters through? You have to make certain calculations.”
Of course, you can be careful:
Especially for smaller artists, the financial risk of touring is high. That’s why Andrew Bird and Iron & Wine were scrupulously careful during the summer co-headlining tour. They asked audience members to wear masks (most complied), played mostly outdoor venues and regularly tested crew and artists in their traveling bubble.
Now let’s look at whether it’s possible to insure against those costs. The CARES Act funded the Government Accountablity Office (GAO) to look into this question. In their December 2023 report (PDF), “Pandemic Risk: Federal Insurance Approaches Would Entail Costs to Taxpayers and Businesses Might Not Participate,” the GAO desribes two lines of business of relevance to the entertainment industry:
Event cancellation insurance protects a business against expenses or lost revenue resulting from cancellation or postponement for reasons beyond the business’s control. Events can include.conferences, concerts, conventions, sporting competitions, and festivals, and policies can cover causes such as severe weather, venue unavailability, and labor strikes.
Cast and production insurance covers additional expenses an entertainment industry production must pay to continue operating, including production delays due to loss of cast or crew, or repair of damaged sets.
There have been event cancellation claims paid, but of course we have no data:
Insurers paid some claims on event cancellation insurance policies, although comprehensive U.S. data on event cancellation claims are not publicly available. According to specialty insurers, brokers, and businesses, before the COVID-19 pandemic insurers typically offered a virus endorsement—that is, an option providing coverage for communicable diseases or other specific risks. One example of large U.S. events covered by event cancellation insurance was the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s 2020 winter and spring championships. In March 2020, these events, including the annual men’s March Madness basketball tournament, were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The tournament had been expected to bring in more than $800 million, and the association received a $270 million payout.
And the insurance companies are tightening up:
According to stakeholders, property/casualty insurers generally have taken steps to fully restrict or limit their exposures to future pandemic losses since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, some businesses have been operating with more uninsured risk than desired, because coverage is either unavailable or unaffordable… Endorsements covering communicable disease for some policies, such as event cancellation, generally were no longer available or were available at higher prices and with lowered coverage limits soon after the beginning of the pandemic, according to associations of brokers and policyholders we interviewed. Some large reinsurers still were offering explicit pandemic risk coverage for event cancellation, but the coverage was costly and insufficient to allow insurers to meet policyholder needs, according to brokers and policyholders. As a result, some policyholders were left holding more of the risk.
The insurance companies are also removing Covid protection from their policies entirely. From the law firm Hunton Andrews Kurth (PDF):
For instance, insurance companies have denied coverage for event cancellations during the COVID-19 pandemic arguing, in part, that the proximate cause of the policyholder’s loss was the pandemic — a communicable disease excluded by the policies — and not the government orders prohibiting large gatherings, a covered cause of loss under the policies. COVID-19 is now being excluded from new event cancellation insurance policies. Before the pandemic, event cancellation insurance policies generally contained explicit coverage buy-backs for losses from communicable disease. The policyholders paid an extra, specifically identified premium to remove any exclusion for communicable disease from these policies. Those policies typically covered a specified amount of net profit and included additional coverages for costs of remedial action, future marketing expenses, etc., beyond that specified amount of coverage. Nonetheless, because of COVID-19, policyholders who bought event cancellation coverage after April 2020 may be subject to broad exclusions for losses related to COVID-19.
Back to the GAO. One response has been to create “captive” insurance companies:
In response to the tightened insurance market, businesses increasingly have created captive insurance companies. For example, a major insurance broker reported a historic increase in the number of captives in 2020, which continued into 2021 and 2022. The growth occurred in multiple business sectors. The broker reported that existing captives also saw increased premium growth in this time frame, suggesting organizations were transferring more of their risk to the captive companies. Types of coverages purchased through captives included event cancelation, liability, and property coverage (which could include business interruption insurance). For instance, the National Collegiate Athletic Association formed a captive insurance company in March 2022 to cover risks typically covered by event cancellation and liability policies
I suppose a behemoth like K-Pop’s JYP could create a captive insurance company for its many acts. I doubt if Taylor Swift’s organization, smart and effective though it is, could, let alone Adele. Which explains, I suppose, why they’ve taken measures to avoid contact with fans. That’s the only way for them to minimize their risks.
Of course, there is always opportunity. The Insurer TV describes new products:
One of the steps taken by Alive Risk to adapt to changing product needs has been the creation of an affordable insurance product for freelance workers like audiovisual techs, lighting designers and stage managers, among others.
With clean air, the freelancers wouldn’t have to pay up….
Conclusion
Making those timelines — 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 — really brought home to me how long this pandemic has been going on; I lost track in the daily grind (though the daily grind is also my form of coping). And it’s a bit discouraging to see the most solidarity our society seems capable of fizzle out after 2020, followed by a struggle to return to business as usual, a struggle that failed by 2024, in that a once-essential part of touring — contact with the fans — has now gone missing.
We can, of course, moralize about what how these artists have gone about their business:
No, It’s Not Hypocritical For A Pop Star To Protect Themselves From Infection By Their Audience While Letting Their Audience Happily Infect Each Other. pic.twitter.com/O4OlZWioKn
— The Vertlartnic (@TheVertlartnic) February 25, 2024
To be fair, though, when CDC Director Mandy Cohen is swanning about with no mask, modeling how to infect everybody she breathes on, what’s a poor celebrity to do? Restoring social norms that support non-pharmaceutical interventions will probably take a whole-of-society approach (which could happen when those Tiktokers start doing their research).
Here, however, are two small steps artists like Adele and Taylor Swift could do to improve the Covid pandemic situation.
First, big acts could really help out smaller acts by supporting organizations like this one:
Clean air shows in Chicago for the next 2 weeks!!
For those who don’t know us, we loan free air purifiers to artists so their events are cóvid-safer. It’s so easy when we all work together 🤍 pic.twitter.com/jPmrXNFbUW
— Clean Air Club (@Clean_Air_Club_) February 26, 2024
Second, sell N95s at your concerts and on your websites as branded merch. K-Pop powerhouse Twice already does this (though KN94s, not N95s):
And if, by some happy chance, some intern from either organization reads this post, please champion these ideas!
Oh, and champion clean air, too. Who could be against that? Miasma delenda est!
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